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有伤 (yǒu shāng) — to have an injury, to be injured; (in fixed expressions) to be harmful to, to damage (e.g. reputation, morals)

Definition

Literary/formal 'to have an injury; to be harmful to'. Most uses are fixed phrases like 有伤风化 ('harmful to public morals') rather than everyday speech about being hurt.

verb
to have an injuryto be injured(in fixed expressions) to be harmful toto damage (e.g. reputation, morals)

Examples

  • 有伤，。
    Tā tuǐ shàng yǒu shāng, zǒu lù bú tài fāng biàn.
    He has an injury on his leg, so walking is not very convenient.
  • ，。
    Zhè zhǒng yán lùn yǒu shāng fēng huà, yīng dāng jìn zhǐ.
    This kind of speech is harmful to public morals and should be banned.
  • 有伤，。
    Suī rán yǒu shāng zài shēn, tā hái shì jiān chí wán chéng le bǐ sài.
    Although he was injured, he still insisted on finishing the competition.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
动宾dòngbīnVerb + object

An action followed by what it acts on, fused into one word.

有yǒuhave
伤shāngwound

有 (have) and 伤 (wound) combine to express having a wound or causing harm.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
肉肉ròumeat
Sound part声符shēngfú
又
又yòu有yǒu
Same sound today

The form 有 combines 又, used for its sound, with a shape from 肉, 'meat'; the hand-holding-meat story is a folk explanation, not shown in the oldest shape.

Open 有 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 傷; 伤 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
人人rén
Sound part声符shēngfú
𥏻
𥏻𥏻傷shāng
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

The traditional form 傷 shows 人, a person, and uses 𥏻 to give the sound; the simplified 伤 is a later shorthand.

Open 伤 →
Appears in
Injury & Disability

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