精疲力尽 (jīng pí lì jìn) — completely exhausted, worn out, spent (idiom)

Definition

Literary idiom meaning 'completely exhausted' — both spirit (精) and strength (力) are spent. Use in writing or emphatic speech, not casual chat.

idiom
completely exhaustedworn outspent (idiom)

Examples

  • 精疲力尽
    Tā gōng zuò le yì zhěng tiān, gǎn dào jīng pí lì jìn.
    He worked all day and felt completely exhausted.
  • 精疲力尽
    Pǎo wán mǎ lā sōng hòu, tā jīng pí lì jìn dì tǎng zài dì shàng.
    After finishing the marathon, he lay on the ground utterly exhausted.
  • 精疲力尽
    Jīng guò zhè cì cháng tú lǚ xíng, dà jiā dōu jīng pí lì jìn le.
    After this long trip, everyone was completely exhausted.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéCoordinate

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

精疲spirit weary
jīngspirittired
主谓Subject + predicate
力尽strength spent
strengthjìnexhausted
主谓Subject + predicate

精 is 疲 and 力 is 尽, two parallel parts together giving “completely exhausted.”

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
rice
Sound part声符shēngfú
qīngjīng
Close in sound todayThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

精 pairs 米 (rice) with 青, which gives the sound; the character originally meant polished rice.

Open 精 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
sick
Sound part声符shēngfú
Same sound today

疲 pairs 疒, which shows illness, with 皮, which gives its sound; the character means sick and tired.

Open 疲 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

力 is drawn as either an arm bending out from the side of the body or a wooden plough.

Open 力 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 盡; 尽 is its simplified writing.

  • hand holding a brush
  • huǒbristles
  • mǐndish

The traditional form 盡 shows 聿 (hand holding a brush) and 灬 (bristles) over 皿 (dish), cleaning a dish until it is empty. The simplified 尽 is a shorthand, not those historical parts.

Open 尽 →

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