下同 (xià tóng) — (formal abbreviation) the same applies below; similarly hereinafter

Definition

Formal, written abbreviation meaning 'the same below' — used in tables, footnotes, or contracts to avoid repeating identical information after the first instance. Rare in everyday speech.

idiom
(formal abbreviation) the same applies belowsimilarly hereinafter

Examples

  • （下同）。
    Běn biǎo shù jù dān wèi wèi wàn yuán (xià tóng).
    The unit of data in this table is ten thousand yuan (the same applies below).
  • “WTO”（下同）。
    Wén zhōng jiǎn chēng "WTO" (xià tóng).
    Abbreviated as "WTO" in the text (similarly hereinafter).
  • ：（下同）。
    Zhù: suǒ yǒu jià gé jūn wèi hán shuì jià (xià tóng).
    Note: all prices include tax (the same applies below).

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
主谓zhǔwèiSubject + predicate

A small sentence frozen into a word: something, and what it does or is.

下xiàbelow
同tóngsame

下 refers to the text below and 同 means same, so it says the following entries are the same.

Characters in this word

An abstract idea shown by a mark or a diagram rather than by a picture of an object.

下 is drawn as a short horizontal line below a long curved line.

Open 下 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

同 originally drew a pipe. It is the old form of 筒.

Open 同 →

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