以致 (yǐ zhì) — to such an extent that; resulting in (often of an undesirable outcome)

Definition

以致 is a written conjunction meaning 'with the result that,' linking a cause to an often bad outcome. Similar to 以至于 but more concise; 而 从而 is the general 'thereby/as a result' (neutral outcome), whereas 以致 implies an undesirable consequence.

conjunction
to such an extent thatresulting in (often of an undesirable outcome)

Examples

  • 以致
    Tā lián xù áo yè, yǐ zhì zuì hòu bìng dǎo le.
    He stayed up late for several days in a row, to the extent that he finally fell ill.
  • 以致
    Gōng sī jīng yíng bú shàn, yǐ zhì bù dé bù xuān bù pò chǎn.
    The company was poorly managed, so much so that it had to declare bankruptcy.
  • 以致
    Tā shuō huà shēng yīn tài xiǎo, yǐ zhì méi rén tīng jiàn tā shuō shén me.
    He spoke so quietly that no one heard what he said.

Origin

Characters in this word

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

The shape came from a drawing of a person carrying something; in 以, part of that person is still visible on the right.

Open 以 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Written in full as
Sound part声符shēngfú
zhìzhì
Same sound today

致 pairs 至, used for its sound, with 攵, written in full as 攴.

Open 致 →

Browse more HSK 7-9 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.