固然 (gù rán) — (conjunction) admittedly, it is true that… (used to concede a point before a contrasting statement)

Definition

A formal written conjunction that concedes a point ('admittedly, it is true that…') before introducing a contrast with 但/可是/不过. Far more literary than 虽然, which is the everyday choice.

conjunction
admittedlyit is true that… (used to concede a point before a contrasting statement)

Examples

  • 固然,。
    gù rán Gōng zuò hěn máng, dàn yě yào zhù yì xiū xi.
    Admittedly, work is very busy, but you also need to pay attention to rest.
  • 固然,。
    Zhè ge fāng àn gù rán yǒu yōu diǎn, bú guò chéng běn tài gāo.
    This plan admittedly has advantages, but the cost is too high.
  • 固然,。
    gù rán Tā de jīng yàn fēng fù, kě shì nián jì dà le.
    Admittedly, he has rich experience, but he is old.

Origin

Derived word
构词法gòucífǎ
后缀hòuzhuìSuffix

A fixed syllable at the end that turns the word into a noun, a person, a place or the like.

固 gives the sense of firm or true, and 然 completes the phrase meaning 'admittedly'.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
囗囗wéi
Sound part声符shēngfú
古
古gǔ固gù
Same sound today

固 combines 囗, which relates to the meaning, with 古, which gives the sound.

Open 固 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
火火huǒfire
Sound part声符shēngfú
肰
肰rán然rán
Same sound today

然 is made from 肰, which gives the sound, and 火, which shows fire, matching the old sense 'to burn'.

Open 然 →

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