天下 (tiān xià) — the whole world; all under heaven; rule; sovereignty; political power (in historical or figurative contexts)

Definition

天下 is a literary/classical 'all under heaven' — the whole world or the realm a ruler governs. Use 全球 for modern 'worldwide'; 天地 for the physical heaven-and-earth or one's scope of action.

noun
the whole worldall under heavenrulesovereigntypolitical power (in historical or figurative contexts)

Examples

  • 天下
    Gǔ dài zhōng guó rén dōu xiāng xìn tiān xià shì huáng dì tǒng zhì de dì fāng.
    Ancient Chinese all believed that the realm under heaven was ruled by the emperor.
  • Tā cóng xiǎo jiù lì zhì yào dǎ tiān xià, zuì zhōng jiàn lì le xīn de wáng cháo.
    He resolved from childhood to fight for the realm, and eventually founded a new dynasty.
  • 天下
    tiān xià Méi yǒu miǎn fèi de wǔ cān, xiǎng yào chéng gōng jiù dé nǔ lì.
    There's no free lunch under heaven — if you want success, you have to work hard.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

tiānheaven
xiàbelow

“天” names heaven, and “下” means the realm beneath it.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
dīngtiān
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

The shape comes from a frontal standing man 大 with a head; 天 pairs 大 with 丁 for sound.

Open 天 →

An abstract idea shown by a mark or a diagram rather than by a picture of an object.

下 is drawn as a short horizontal line below a long curved line.

Open 下 →

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