故人 (gù rén) — old friend; (literary) former spouse, often deceased

Definition

Literary term for someone from your past — usually an old friend, sometimes a deceased former spouse. Strongly written/nostalgic in tone; 朋友 is the everyday spoken word.

noun
old friend(literary) former spouseoften deceased
Measure word · 位

Examples

  • ,故人。
    Duō nián bú jiàn, gù rén yī rán jì de wǒ.
    After many years without seeing each other, my old friend still remembers me.
  • 故人。
    Tā xiě le yì shǒu shī huái niàn yǐ gù de gù rén.
    He wrote a poem in memory of his late former spouse.
  • 故人,。
    Zài yì xiāng yù dào gù rén, liǎng rén dōu hěn jī dòng.
    Meeting an old friend in a foreign land, both were very excited.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

故gùold/former
人rénperson

“故” means old or former and “人” means person, together naming an old friend or former spouse.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
攵Written in full as攴pū
Sound part声符shēngfú
古
古gǔ故gù
Same sound today

故 uses 古 for the sound and 攵, written in full as 攴, for the meaning.

Open 故 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

The shape of 人 shows a side view of a standing person, with an arm and a leg.

Open 人 →

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