江湖 (Jiāng hú) — (figurative) the world of martial arts wanderers and outlaws; the alternative society or 'underworld'; (literary) rivers and lakes; (by extension) the far corners of the country

Definition

Literally 'rivers and lakes', in classical and wuxia usage it refers to the wandering world of martial artists, outlaws, and the unwritten codes of that sub-society — a sense not captured by a literal translation.

noun
(figurative) the world of martial arts wanderers and outlawsthe alternative society or 'underworld'(literary) rivers and lakes(by extension) the far corners of the country

Examples

  • 江湖
    Tā cóng xiǎo jiù mèng xiǎng chuǎng dàng Jiāng hú.
    He has dreamed of roaming the jianghu since childhood.
  • 江湖
    Jiāng hú Shàng yǒu hěn duō bù chéng wén de guī ju.
    There are many unwritten rules in the jianghu.
  • 江湖
    Zhè piàn hú shuǐ ràng wǒ xiǎng qǐ gǔ shī cí zhōng de Jiāng hú.
    This lake reminds me of the 'rivers and lakes' in classical poetry.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéCoordinate

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

lake

江湖 names the open world of 江 river and 湖 lake.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Written in full asshuǐwater
Sound part声符shēngfú
gōngjiāng
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

江 puts 氵, the water side, beside 工, which gives a sound; the water part points to its river meaning.

Open 江 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
shuǐwater
Sound part声符shēngfú
Same sound today

湖 pairs 水 (water) with 胡 (hú), which gives the sound.

Open 湖 →

Browse more HSK 7-9 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.