焦躁 (jiāo zào) — irritable, anxious, restless, impatient

Definition

焦躁 pairs internal anxiety with outward impatience — more agitated than 焦虑 (quiet worry) and less explosive than 暴躁 (hot temper). Often describes an impatient, on-edge state that others can see.

adjective
irritableanxiousrestlessimpatient

Examples

  • 焦躁
    Zuì jìn gōng zuò yā lì tài dà, tā biàn de hěn jiāo zào.
    Recently, work pressure has been too great; he has become very irritable.
  • 焦躁
    Dǔ chē de shí hou, zuò zài chē lǐ de rén dōu hěn jiāo zào.
    During traffic jams, people sitting in cars are all very impatient.
  • 焦躁
    Suī rán tā xīn lǐ hěn jiāo zào, dàn biǎo miàn shàng hái shì bǎo chí zhe wēi xiào.
    Although he was very anxious inside, he still kept a smile on his face.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéCoordinate

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

jiāoanxious
zàorestless

焦 (anxious) and 躁 (restless) combine to describe a fretful, impatient state.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
zhuībird
Sound part声符shēngfú
xiǎojiāo
Close in sound todayThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

The 焦 glyph first paired 隹 (bird) with 小 as a sound part. The 小 part later changed into a fire shape, and the character was then used for scorching.

Open 焦 →

No reliable origin is recorded for this character.

Open 躁 →

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