端坐 (duān zuò) — to sit upright, to sit straight, to sit properly

Definition

A formal, written verb meaning 'to sit upright' with composed, dignified posture — typically used for disciplined or ceremonial contexts (meditation, formal occasions) rather than everyday sitting.

verb
to sit uprightto sit straightto sit properly

Examples

  • ,端坐,。
    Zài kè táng shàng, tā shǐ zhōng duān zuò, rèn zhēn tīng jiǎng.
    In class, he sat upright the whole time, listening attentively.
  • 端坐,。
    Zhè wèi sēng rén měi tiān zǎo chén duān zuò yì xiǎo shí, míng xiǎng xiū xíng.
    This monk sits upright for an hour every morning, meditating.
  • 端坐,,。
    Tā duān zuò zài shā fā shàng, shuāng shǒu fàng zài xī gài shàng, xiǎn de hěn yōu yǎ.
    She sat upright on the sofa, hands on her knees, looking very elegant.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

端duānupright

端 gives upright and 坐 gives sit, yielding sit properly.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
耑
耑zhuān端duān
Same sound today

端 is made by putting 立 beside 耑. The 立 part is connected to the meaning, and 耑 gives the sound.

Open 端 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

The form 坐 combines 留, 'to stay', and 土, 'ground'.

Open 坐 →

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