Definition
艰苦 (jiān kǔ) describes conditions, life, or work that are hard and full of hardship, emphasizing the harshness of the environment or situation. It is stronger and more specific to prolonged difficulty than 困难 (kùn nan 'difficult'), and unlike 辛苦 (xīn kǔ), which focuses on the exhausting effort someone puts in, 艰苦 highlights the objective difficulty of the circumstances.
adjective
arduoustoughhard (of conditions, life, work)
Examples
- 艰苦，。Suīrán tiáojiàn hěn jiān kǔ, dàn tāmen jiānchí xiàlai le.Although the conditions are tough, they persevered.
- 艰苦。Zhè shì yí fèn fēicháng jiān kǔ de gōngzuò.This is a very arduous job.
- 艰苦，。Jīngguò jiān kǔ de xùnliàn, tā zhōngyú chénggōng le.After tough training, he finally succeeded.
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