语系 (yǔ xì) — language family

Definition

Specialist linguistics term for a 'language family' — a group of languages descended from a common ancestor (e.g. 印欧语系, 汉藏语系).

noun
language family

Examples

  • 语系语系。
    Hàn zàng yǔ xì shì shì jiè shàng zuì dà de yǔ xì zhī yī.
    The Sino-Tibetan language family is one of the largest in the world.
  • 语系。
    Yǔ yán xué jiā tōng guò bǐ jiào tóng yuán cí lái què dìng yǔ xì de guī shǔ.
    Linguists determine the affiliation of a language family by comparing cognates.
  • 语系、、。
    Yìn ōu yǔ xì bāo kuò yīng yǔ, hàn yǔ, fǎ yǔ děng duō zhǒng yǔ yán.
    The Indo-European language family includes many languages such as English and French.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

语yǔlanguage
系xìfamily

“语” is language and “系” is a system or lineage, giving a family of languages.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 語; 语 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
吾
吾wú語yǔ
Same sound today

The form 語 pairs 言 (speech) with 吾, which gives the sound; this note is about 語, not 语.

Open 语 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

系 is made by putting together 手 (hand) and 糸 (silk).

Open 系 →

Browse more HSK 7-9 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.