过量 (guòliàng) is a verb meaning 'to exceed the limit' in quantity, especially for consumption or dosage. It focuses on crossing a numerical or measured boundary, unlike 过分 (guòfèn), which describes behavior as 'over the top', or 超标 (chāobiāo), which is about failing a technical standard. 过剩 (guòshèng) is used for surplus supply (e.g., overcapacity).