除非 (chú fēi) — unless; only if, only in the case that

Definition

除非 marks a necessary condition: 'only if / unless' (often paired with 否则 or 不然 for the consequence). Unlike 如果 ('if' — any condition), 除非 insists the condition is the ONLY way the result happens, like 只有…才.

conjunction
unlessonly ifonly in the case that

Examples

  • 除非
    chú fēi Nǐ tóng yì, fǒu zé wǒ bú huì qù.
    Unless you agree, I won't go.
  • 除非
    chú fēi Xià yǔ, wǒ men cái huì gǎi biàn jì huà.
    Only if it rains will we change the plan.
  • 除非
    chú fēi Tā dào qiàn, bù rán wǒ bú huì yuán liàng tā.
    Unless he apologizes, I won't forgive him.

Origin

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
chú
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

除 is built from 阜 and 余, with 余 giving the sound.

Open 除 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

The shape of 非 is drawn from two wings facing opposite directions. It later came to be used for going against or not being.

Open 非 →

Grammar

Browse more HSK 6 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.