ComplementsHSK 5
Advanced result complements 住, 开, and 出来
Advanced result complements attach to verbs to specify the outcome of an action. 住 emphasizes a firm hold, stop, or successful retention; 开 indicates opening or moving away; 出来 suggests emergence or becoming identifiable. Use the correct complement to make your meaning clear, as mixing them up changes the result entirely.
Structure
Verb + 住 (+ Obj.)
used to indicate stopping, catching, holding, or remembering, often with a sense of 'tightly' or 'firmly'
Verb + 开 (+ Obj.)
used to indicate opening, spreading, or moving away
Verb + 出来 (+ Obj.)
used to indicate something emerging, appearing, or becoming identifiable as a result of the verb
Examples
- 站住！Zhàn zhù!Stop!
- 一定要记住我的话。Yí dìng yào jì zhù wǒ de huà.You must remember what I said.
- 请打开书。Qǐng dǎ kāi shū.Please open your book.
- 走开！Zǒu kāi!Go away!
- 放开我！Fàng kāi wǒ!Let go of me!
Words that use this
- 住zhùto live; to dwell; to stay; to reside; to stop; (suffix indicating firmness, steadiness, or coming to a halt)
- 出chūto go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result); classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc
- 出来chū láito come out; to appear; to arise
- 开kāito open (transitive or intransitive); (of ships, vehicles, troops etc) to start; to turn on; to put in operation; to operate; to run; to boil; to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc); (directional complement) away; off; carat (gold); abbr. for Kelvin, 开尔文; abbr. for 开本, book format