反复无常 (fǎn fù wú cháng) — unpredictable, capricious, fickle (of a person's mood or behavior); changeable, erratic (of weather, conditions, etc.)

Definition

A four-character idiom for someone or something that keeps changing back and forth with no pattern — mood, personality, weather, or markets. Stricter than 多变, more judgmental of character than simply 变化大.

idiom
unpredictablecapriciousfickle (of a person's mood or behavior)changeableerratic (of weather, conditions, etc.)

Examples

  • 反复无常,。
    Tā de xìng gé fǎn fù wú cháng, ràng rén hěn nán xìn rèn.
    His personality is fickle, making it hard for people to trust him.
  • 反复无常,。
    Zuì jìn tiān qì fǎn fù wú cháng, chū mén zuì hǎo dài bǎ sǎn.
    The weather has been changeable lately; better bring an umbrella when going out.
  • 反复无常,。
    Gǔ shì fǎn fù wú cháng, tóu zī zhě xū yào bǎo chí lěng jìng.
    The stock market is erratic, so investors need to stay calm.

Origin

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
又又yòuhand
Sound part声符shēngfú
厂
厂chǎng反fǎn
Close in sound todayThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

反 uses 又 (hand) for meaning and 厂 for sound. Its original shape showed a hand turning its palm over, giving the sense of return or reverse.

Open 反 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 復; 复 is its simplified writing.

The simplified 复 stands for more than one traditional character. In most words (复习, 恢复) it is 復; in others (复印, 复杂) (答复, 反复) it is 複 or 覆.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
彳彳chìwalk
Sound part声符shēngfú
复
复fù復fù
Same sound today

The traditional form 復 combines 彳, a walking part, with 复, a sound part, to show walking back and forth.

Open 复 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 無; 无 is its simplified writing.

For the simplified 无, the story is about 無. 無 drew a person dancing with ox tails held in both hands to pray for rain, then was borrowed for 'have no', so the picture does not explain that meaning.

Open 无 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
巾巾jīncloth
Sound part声符shēngfú
尚
尚shàng常cháng
Close in sound todayThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

常 pairs 巾, a cloth, with 尚 as a sound part; the form originally referred to a lower garment.

Open 常 →

Browse more HSK 7-9 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.