改过自新 (gǎi guò zì xīn) — to turn over a new leaf; to reform and start anew

Definition

A formal chengyu meaning to correct one's mistakes and start fresh. Used in writing or speeches about moral reform, more literary than the colloquial 重新做人.

idiom
to turn over a new leafto reform and start anew

Examples

  • 改过自新
    Tā fàn le cuò wù, jué dìng cóng jīn tiān qǐ gǎi guò zì xīn.
    He made a mistake and decided to turn over a new leaf starting today.
  • 改过自新
    Zhǐ yào nǐ kěn gǎi guò zì xīn, dà jiā hái shì huì yuán liàng nǐ de.
    As long as you are willing to turn over a new leaf, everyone will still forgive you.
  • 改过自新
    Zhè cì jī huì ràng tā gǎi guò zì xīn, chóng xīn kāi shǐ shēng huó.
    This opportunity allowed him to turn over a new leaf and start his life anew.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéCoordinate

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

改过correct faults
gǎicorrectguòfault
动宾Verb + object
自新oneself becomes new
主谓Subject + predicate

改过 means correcting faults, and 自新 means making oneself new, describing turning over a new leaf.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
gǎi
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

An early form of 改 paired 巳 as a sound part with 攴 as a meaning part; the sound part later changed.

Open 改 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 過; 过 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
chuòwalk
Sound part声符shēngfú
wāiguò
Same sound today

The traditional form 過 pairs 辵 (walk) with 咼 as a sound component; the simplified 过 is a shorthand, and its parts are not the historical components.

Open 过 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

假借jiǎjièLater borrowed for its sound alone — the picture has nothing to do with today’s meaning.

自 originally drew a nose. It was borrowed purely for its sound to write 自, so the picture and the meaning are unrelated.

Open 自 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

假借jiǎjièLater borrowed for its sound alone — the picture has nothing to do with today’s meaning.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
xīnxīn
Same sound today

The shape originally paired 斤, for chopping wood, with 辛 for sound. It was borrowed for its sound to write 新, so the chopping-wood parts are unrelated to 'new'.

Open 新 →

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