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上述 (shàng shù) — aforementioned, above-mentioned

Definition

A formal, written-only word meaning 'aforementioned' — used to refer back to content earlier in a document. Sharper and more formal than 以上; 上面 is everyday and usually refers to physical position.

adjective
aforementionedabove-mentioned

Examples

  • 上述20%。
    shàng shù Bào gào xiǎn shì lì rùn zēng zhǎng le 20%.
    The aforementioned report shows that profits increased by 20%.
  • 上述。
    shàng shù Qíng kuàng xū yào jìn yí bù diào chá.
    The aforementioned situation requires further investigation.
  • 上述。
    Qǐng àn zhào shàng shù yāo qiú wán chéng gōng zuò.
    Please complete the work according to the aforementioned requirements.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

上shàngabove
述shùstate

Above plus state gives the idea of what has been stated earlier in the text.

Characters in this word

An abstract idea shown by a mark or a diagram rather than by a picture of an object.

上 is drawn as a short horizontal line placed above a longer arc, marking a position above that arc.

Open 上 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
辵辵chuòwalk
Sound part声符shēngfú
朮
朮zhú述shù
Same sound today

述 combines 辵, a walking radical, with 朮, which gives the sound; the walking part belongs to the meaning.

Open 述 →
Appears in
HSK 3.0 Level 6

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