弊 is a bound morpheme (b.f.) that appears in compound words expressing negative concepts. It has two main clusters of meaning: (1) shortcoming, harm, or disadvantage — seen in 弊端 (bìduān, drawback), 利弊 (lìbì, pros and cons), and 时弊 (shíbì, malady of the times); (2) fraud, malpractice, or abuse — seen in 作弊 (zuòbì, to cheat), 舞弊 (wǔbì, to embezzle), and 作弊 (zuòbì, to practice fraud). As a bound form, 弊 never stands alone; it must be attached to another character. The context of the compound determines which sense is active.