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暨 (jì) — (literary) and, as well as; (literary) up to, as far as (in time)

Definition

暨 is a literary conjunction meaning 'and / as well as' — more formal and bookish than 及 or 以及, which are the standard written connectors. In phrases like 暨今 ('up to now') it marks a temporal limit, unlike 以至于 which expresses extent or consequence.

conjunction
(literary) andas well as(literary) up toas far as (in time)
Easily confused

Examples

  • 暨。
    Běn cì huì yì yāo qǐng le gè gāo xiào jì yán jiū jī gòu de dài biǎo.
    This meeting invited representatives from various universities and research institutions.
  • 、暨。
    Tā jīng tōng yīng yǔ, fǎ yǔ jì dé yǔ.
    He is proficient in English, French, and German.
  • 暨，。
    jì Jīn, gāi xiàng mù yǐ tóu rù dà liàng zī jīn.
    Up to now, a large amount of funds has been invested in this project.

Origin

Sound + meaning
六书liùshū
形声xíngshēng

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
旦旦dànsunrise
Sound part声符shēngfú
既
既jì暨jì
Same sound today

暨 combines 旦, showing sunrise, with 既, giving the sound.

Appears in
HSK 3.0 Level 7-9

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