然而 (rán ér) — however, yet, but

Definition

A written, formal 'however / yet / but' — it contrasts two clauses in a measured, literary tone. Compared with the everyday 但是 and 可是, 然而 sounds more bookish; 而 is the lighter classical cousin used inside a single sentence.

conjunction
howeveryetbut

Examples

  • 然而
    Suī rán tiān qì hěn lěng, rán ér tā réng rán jiān chí pǎo bù.
    Although the weather is very cold, he still insists on running.
  • 然而
    Zhè ge chéng shì hěn dà, rán ér shēng huó jié zòu hěn màn.
    This city is very big, yet the pace of life is very slow.
  • 然而
    Tā gōng zuò hěn nǔ lì, rán ér shōu rù bù gāo.
    He works very hard, but his income is not high.

Origin

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
huǒfire
Sound part声符shēngfú
ránrán
Same sound today

然 is made from 肰, which gives the sound, and 火, which shows fire, matching the old sense 'to burn'.

Open 然 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

The shape of 而 is a picture of a beard.

Open 而 →

Grammar

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