(jiū) — bound morpheme meaning 'to investigate, to study' (used in 研究, 追究, etc.); bound morpheme meaning 'after all, actually' (used in 究竟)

Definition

究 is a bound morpheme: in 研究 and 追究 it means 'to investigate / get to the bottom of'; in 究竟 it shifts to a written 'after all, actually' meaning. It never stands alone — always attach it to another character.

bound form
bound morpheme meaning 'to investigate, to study' (used in 研究, 追究, etc.)bound morpheme meaning 'after all, actually' (used in 究竟)

Examples

  • Wǒ huì zǐ xì yán jiū zhè ge wèn tí.
    I will carefully study this problem.
  • jiū Jìng fā shēng le shén me?
    What actually happened?
  • Zhè jiàn shì bì xū zhuī jiū dào dǐ.
    This matter must be thoroughly investigated.

Origin

Sound + meaning
六书liùshū
形声xíngshēng

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
xuécave
Sound part声符shēngfú
jiǔjiū
Same sound today

究 pairs 穴, a cave, with 九, which gives the sound.

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