老姑娘 (lǎo gū niáng) — old maid (unmarried woman, often pejorative); youngest daughter (in a family)

Definition

老姑娘 is colloquial and usually pejorative for an unmarried woman past typical marrying age. In some dialects/families it simply means the youngest daughter.

noun
old maid (unmarried woman, often pejorative)youngest daughter (in a family)
Measure word · 个

Examples

  • ,老姑娘。
    Tā sān shí duō suì hái méi jié hūn, bié rén dōu jiào tā lǎo gū niáng.
    She's over thirty and still unmarried; people call her an old maid.
  • 老姑娘,。
    Tā shì jiā lǐ de lǎo gū niáng, fù mǔ zuì téng tā.
    She is the youngest daughter in the family; her parents dote on her the most.
  • ,老姑娘。
    Zài nà ge nián dài, dāng lǎo gū niáng shì yí jiàn hěn diū liǎn de shì.
    In those days, being an old maid was a very shameful thing.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
偏正piānzhèngModifier + head

The first part narrows down the second: it says what kind of thing the head is.

老lǎoold or youngest
姑娘girl or daughter
姑gūfemale relative娘niángwoman
联合Coordinate

老 means old or youngest and 姑娘 means girl or daughter, so the word can name an unmarried woman or the last daughter.

Characters in this word

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

The shape 老 combines 人 (man), 毛 (hair), and 匕 (cane), showing a man with long hair leaning on a cane.

Open 老 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
女女nǚwoman
Sound part声符shēngfú
古
古gǔ姑gū
Same sound today

The left part 女 marks it as a woman, and the right part 古 provides the sound. It is used for female relatives like an aunt or mother-in-law.

Open 姑 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
Sound part声符shēngfú
良
良liáng娘niáng
Close in sound todayThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

娘 is built from 女 (woman) and 良, which supplies the sound.

Open 娘 →

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