诸如 (zhū rú) — such as; like (used to introduce examples in formal or literary style)

Definition

诸如 is a formal/literary way to introduce examples ('such as'), like 比如 but more often used in writing and before multiple items. Typically followed by a short list, with 等等 or 之类 closing it off.

verb
such aslike (used to introduce examples in formal or literary style)
Easily confused

Examples

  • ，诸如、，。
    Xǔ duō dà qǐ yè, zhū rú huá wéi, ā lǐ bā bā děng, dōu zài guó jì shì chǎng shàng qǔ dé le chéng gōng.
    Many large enterprises, such as Huawei and Alibaba, have achieved success in the international market.
  • ，诸如、。
    Tā xǐ huan gè zhǒng yùn dòng, zhū rú yóu yǒng, pǎo bù hé pá shān zhī lèi.
    He likes various sports, such as swimming, running, and mountain climbing.
  • 诸如、、。
    zhū rú Jīng jì, jiào yù, yī liáo děng fāng miàn de wèn tí dōu xū yào rèn zhēn yán jiū.
    Problems in areas such as the economy, education, and healthcare all need careful study.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
主谓zhǔwèiSubject + predicate

A small sentence frozen into a word: something, and what it does or is.

诸zhūmany/all
如rúlike

“诸” gives the sense of many or all, and “如” says they are like the examples that follow.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 諸; 诸 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
言言yán
Sound part声符shēngfú
者
者zhě諸zhū
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

The form 諸 pairs 言 (speech) with 者; 者 gives the sound.

Open 诸 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
口口kǒumouth
Sound part声符shēngfú
女
女nǚ如rú
Same sound today

如 is built from 口 (mouth) for its meaning and 女 (woman) for its sound.

Open 如 →

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