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诸如此类 (zhū rú cǐ lèi) — things like this; and so on; and the like

Definition

A formal written phrase meaning 'things like this; and so on; and the like' — used after a list to summarize similar items. Stronger and more literary than the everyday 等.

phrase
things like thisand so onand the like

Examples

  • 、、诸如此类。
    Tā xǐ huan yīn yuè, diàn yǐng, xiǎo shuō děng zhū rú cǐ lèi de ài hào.
    He likes hobbies such as music, movies, novels, and the like.
  • 、诸如此类，。
    Duì yú kǎo shì zuò bì, chāo xí zhū rú cǐ lèi xíng wéi, xué xiào huì yán sù chǔ lǐ.
    The school will deal seriously with cheating on exams, plagiarism, and similar behaviors.
  • 、，诸如此类。
    Xué xí xū yào nài xīn, jiān chí hé nǔ lì, zhū rú cǐ lèi pǐn zhì dōu hěn zhòng yào.
    Studying requires patience, persistence, and effort — qualities like these are all important.

Origin

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 諸; 诸 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
言言yán
Sound part声符shēngfú
者
者zhě諸zhū
The sound has drifted apartThe sound part was a clue two thousand years ago — it often still helps, but not always.

The form 諸 pairs 言 (speech) with 者; 者 gives the sound.

Open 诸 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
口口kǒumouth
Sound part声符shēngfú
女
女nǚ如rú
Same sound today

如 is built from 口 (mouth) for its meaning and 女 (woman) for its sound.

Open 如 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

此 shows 止 (feet) and 人 (person), drawing a person stopping, to mean 'this' or 'here.'

Open 此 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 類; 类 is its simplified writing.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
犬犬quǎn
Sound part声符shēngfú
頪
頪lèi類lèi
Same sound today

The traditional form 類 pairs 犬, which relates to the meaning, with 頪, which gives the sound. The simplified 类 is a shorthand, and its parts are not the historical components.

Open 类 →
Appears in
HSK 3.0 Level 7-9Idioms & Set Phrases

Browse more HSK 7-9 words or search the full 43,000-word dictionary.