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下同 (xià tóng) — (formal abbreviation) the same applies below; similarly hereinafter

定義

Formal, written abbreviation meaning 'the same below' — used in tables, footnotes, or contracts to avoid repeating identical information after the first instance. Rare in everyday speech.

idiom
(formal abbreviation) the same applies belowsimilarly hereinafter

例文

  • （下同）。
    Běn biǎo shù jù dān wèi wèi wàn yuán (xià tóng).
    The unit of data in this table is ten thousand yuan (the same applies below).
  • “WTO”（下同）。
    Wén zhōng jiǎn chēng "WTO" (xià tóng).
    Abbreviated as "WTO" in the text (similarly hereinafter).
  • ：（下同）。
    Zhù: suǒ yǒu jià gé jūn wèi hán shuì jià (xià tóng).
    Note: all prices include tax (the same applies below).

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