如上 (rú shǎng) — as above; as stated above
Definition
Written/formal idiom meaning 'as above' — used to refer back to text, requirements, or clauses already stated. Much more common in contracts, notices, and official writing than in speech.
idiom
as aboveas stated above
Examples
- 如上。Qǐng nín àn zhào rú shǎng yāo qiú jìn xíng xiū gǎi.Please make revisions according to the requirements stated above.
- 如上。rú shǎng Suǒ shù qíng kuàng jūn shǔ shí.All the circumstances described above are true.
- 如上。Běn xié yì rú shǎng tiáo kuǎn zì qiān shǔ zhī rì qǐ shēng xiào.The above clauses in this agreement take effect from the date of signing.
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