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由 (yóu) — by (indicating the agent or doer of an action); consisting of; from (indicating composition or source); for ... to (indicating decision or responsibility)

Definition

由 is a formal preposition for 'by' (agent) or 'from' (source/composition), as in 由他负责. It is more written than 通过 ('by means of'), and unlike 因为 it marks who does something, not why.

preposition
by (indicating the agent or doer of an action)consisting offrom (indicating composition or source)for ... to (indicating decision or responsibility)
Easily confused

Examples

  • 由。
    Zhè cì huó dòng yóu tā fù zé.
    This event is his responsibility.
  • 由。
    Zhè ge xiǎo zǔ yóu wǔ gè rén zǔ chéng.
    This group consists of five people.
  • 。
    Zhè jiàn shì yóu nǐ jué dìng.
    This matter is up to you to decide.

Grammar

Appears in
HSK 3.0 Level 4HSK 2.0 Level 41000 Most Frequent Chinese Words2000 Most Frequent Chinese Words3000 Most Frequent Chinese Words5000 Most Frequent Chinese Words

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