Definition
波动 (bō dòng) covers both physical undulation (water, light, surfaces) and abstract fluctuation (prices, emotions, data). Compared to 起伏 (qǐ fú), which emphasizes a visible rise-and-fall pattern (terrain, waves, emotions), 波动 is broader and can describe irregular, wave-like movement. 浮动 (fú dòng) focuses on drifting instability, while 变动 (biàn dòng) stresses a change in state rather than oscillation.
verb
to fluctuate (prices, emotions, data)to undulate (water, light, surfaces)
Examples
- 波动。Jīngjì shùjù jīngcháng bō dòng.Economic data often fluctuate.
- 波动。Tā de bìngqíng zuìjìn bō dòng dé hěn lìhai.His condition has been fluctuating severely recently.
- 波动。Húmiàn zài yuèguāng xià wēiwēi bō dòng.The lake surface gently undulates in the moonlight.
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