下同 (xià tóng) — (formal abbreviation) the same applies below; similarly hereinafter
Definition
Formal, written abbreviation meaning 'the same below' — used in tables, footnotes, or contracts to avoid repeating identical information after the first instance. Rare in everyday speech.
idiom
(formal abbreviation) the same applies belowsimilarly hereinafter
Examples
- （下同）。Běn biǎo shù jù dān wèi wèi wàn yuán (xià tóng).The unit of data in this table is ten thousand yuan (the same applies below).
- “WTO”（下同）。Wén zhōng jiǎn chēng "WTO" (xià tóng).Abbreviated as "WTO" in the text (similarly hereinafter).
- ：（下同）。Zhù: suǒ yǒu jià gé jūn wèi hán shuì jià (xià tóng).Note: all prices include tax (the same applies below).
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