翻来覆去 (fān lái fù qù) — to toss and turn (in bed, sleepless); again and again, repeatedly (figurative)

Definition

A vivid idiom covering two senses: physically tossing and turning in bed, or mentally going over something again and again. Emphasizes the repetitiveness — stronger and more literary than 一再 or 再三.

phrase
to toss and turn (in bed, sleepless)again and againrepeatedly (figurative)

Examples

  • 翻来覆去,。
    Tā zuó wǎn fān lái fù qù, zěn me yě shuì bù zháo.
    He tossed and turned last night and couldn't fall asleep.
  • 翻来覆去。
    Zhè ge wèn tí tā fān lái fù qù shuō le hǎo jǐ cì.
    He said this problem over and over several times.
  • 翻来覆去。
    Tā fān lái fù qù kǎo lǜ le hěn jiǔ cái jué dìng.
    She thought it over again and again for a long time before deciding.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéSide by side

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

翻来turn over (hither)
翻fānturn over来láicome
补充Verb + complement
覆去turn over (thither)
覆fùturn over去qùgo
补充Verb + complement

翻 and 覆 both describe turning over, while 来 and 去 add back-and-forth motion, giving tossing and turning.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
羽羽yǔwings
Sound part声符shēngfú
番
番fān翻fān
Same sound today

翻 pairs 羽 (wings) with 番, which gives the sound. The shape shows something fluttering.

Open 翻 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 來; 来 is its simplified writing.

The traditional form 來 shows a wheat plant: a central ear, upward leaves, and downward stem and roots. The simplified 来 is a later shorthand.

Open 来 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
襾襾yà
Sound part声符shēngfú
復
復fù覆fù
Same sound today

覆 pairs 襾, a part connected to the meaning, with 復, which gives the sound.

Open 覆 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

去 pairs 大, a man, with 口, a mouth or object. The evidence reads this as a man leaving a place, a man opening his mouth, or a cover over an object.

Open 去 →

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