翻来覆去 (fān lái fù qù) — to toss and turn (in bed, sleepless); again and again, repeatedly (figurative)

Definition

A vivid idiom covering two senses: physically tossing and turning in bed, or mentally going over something again and again. Emphasizes the repetitiveness — stronger and more literary than 一再 or 再三.

phrase
to toss and turn (in bed, sleepless)again and againrepeatedly (figurative)

Examples

  • 翻来覆去,。
    Tā zuó wǎn fān lái fù qù, zěn me yě shuì bù zháo.
    He tossed and turned last night and couldn't fall asleep.
  • 翻来覆去。
    Zhè ge wèn tí tā fān lái fù qù shuō le hǎo jǐ cì.
    He said this problem over and over several times.
  • 翻来覆去。
    Tā fān lái fù qù kǎo lǜ le hěn jiǔ cái jué dìng.
    She thought it over again and again for a long time before deciding.

Origin

Compound word
构词法gòucífǎ
联合liánhéCoordinate

Two parts of equal weight, alike or opposite in meaning, standing side by side.

翻来turn over (hither)
翻fānturn over来láicome
补充Verb + complement
覆去turn over (thither)
覆fùturn over去qùgo
补充Verb + complement

翻 and 覆 both describe turning over, while 来 and 去 add back-and-forth motion, giving tossing and turning.

Characters in this word

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
羽羽yǔwings
Sound part声符shēngfú
番
番fān翻fān
Same sound today

翻 pairs 羽 (wings) with 番, which gives the sound. The shape shows something fluttering.

Open 翻 →

A drawing of the thing itself, worn down over three thousand years into a few strokes.

This origin belongs to the traditional form 來; 来 is its simplified writing.

The traditional form 來 shows a wheat plant: a central ear, upward leaves, and downward stem and roots. The simplified 来 is a later shorthand.

Open 来 →

Most characters — around four in five — are built this way: one part hints at the meaning, the other at the pronunciation.

Meaning part形符xíngfú
襾襾yà
Sound part声符shēngfú
復
復fù覆fù
Same sound today

覆 pairs 襾, a part connected to the meaning, with 復, which gives the sound.

Open 覆 →

Two or more meaningful parts placed together so that their meanings combine into a new one.

去 pairs 大, a man, with 口, a mouth or object. The evidence reads this as a man leaving a place, a man opening his mouth, or a cover over an object.

Open 去 →

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